Hanoi

Vietnam's first national university, founded in 1070, the Temple of Literature is a rare example of well-preserved traditional Vietnamese architecture. This serene complex dedicated to Confucius features five courtyards, beautiful gardens, and 82 stone stelae bearing the names of doctoral graduates. The iconic Khue Van Cac pavilion, depicted on the 100,000 VND note, is a symbol of Hanoi. Students visit to pray for good grades, and graduation photos are taken here. A must-visit for understanding Vietnam's reverence for education.

The spiritual heart of Hanoi, Hoan Kiem Lake (Lake of the Restored Sword) is surrounded by legends of a golden turtle and a magic sword. The picturesque red Huc Bridge leads to Ngoc Son Temple on a small island, dedicated to a 13th-century military hero. The lake area comes alive at dawn with tai chi practitioners and in the evening when pedestrian streets open. Weekends see traffic banned, transforming the area into a massive open-air gathering space.

The final resting place of Vietnam's revolutionary leader 'Uncle Ho,' this imposing Soviet-style granite structure is a site of pilgrimage for Vietnamese. The complex includes the Presidential Palace, Ho Chi Minh's modest stilt house, the One Pillar Pagoda, and the Ho Chi Minh Museum. Strict dress codes and protocols apply. The mausoleum closes annually from September to November for maintenance. A profound experience offering insight into Vietnam's modern history and national identity.

Hanoi's historic 36 streets, each named after the goods traditionally sold there (Silk Street, Silver Street, etc.), form a labyrinthine maze of narrow alleys dating back nearly 1,000 years. Explore ancient tube houses, bustling markets, centuries-old temples, and legendary street food stalls. The area transforms at night with Beer Corner (Ta Hien Street) drawing crowds to tiny plastic stools for 25-cent bia hoi. Walking tours reveal hidden gems behind crumbling facades.

A UNESCO World Heritage Site, this ancient citadel was the political center of Vietnam for over 1,000 years. Archaeological excavations have revealed layers of history from multiple dynasties. The complex includes the Flag Tower (one of Hanoi's symbols), the Doan Mon gate, and underground military bunkers used during the Vietnam War. The site offers a fascinating journey through Vietnam's imperial past and its struggles for independence.

Experience the uniquely Vietnamese art of water puppetry, a tradition over 1,000 years old originating in the rice paddies of the Red River Delta. Intricately carved wooden puppets 'dance' on water while hidden puppeteers bring folk tales and legends to life, accompanied by live traditional music. The Thang Long Theatre near Hoan Kiem Lake offers multiple shows daily. No Vietnamese language required - the visual storytelling transcends language barriers.

This stunning neo-Gothic cathedral, built in 1886, is the oldest church in Hanoi and resembles a smaller Notre-Dame de Paris. Located in the heart of the Old Quarter, its weathered facade and twin bell towers create a striking contrast against the surrounding Vietnamese architecture. The area around the cathedral has become a trendy hub for cafes and boutiques. Especially atmospheric during Christmas when thousands gather for midnight mass.

Vietnam's oldest Buddhist pagoda, dating back to the 6th century, sits serenely on a small peninsula of West Lake. The 11-story tower is surrounded by ancient trees, bonsai gardens, and beautiful lotus ponds. Sacred to Vietnamese Buddhists, it's a place of active worship with monks in residence. Best visited at sunset when the pagoda is reflected in the lake's calm waters. A peaceful retreat from Hanoi's urban chaos.